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Showing posts from March, 2009

How Linux Boots

As it turns out, there isn't much to the boot process: A boot loader finds the kernel image on the disk, loads it into memory, and starts it. The kernel initializes the devices and its drivers. The kernel mounts the root filesystem. The kernel starts a program called init. init sets the rest of the processes in motion. The last processes that init starts as part of the boot sequence allow you to log in. Identifying each stage of the boot process is invaluable in fixing boot problems and understanding the system as a whole. To start, zero in on the boot loader, which is the initial screen or prompt you get after the computer does its power-on self-test, asking which operating system to run. After you make a choice, the boot loader runs the Linux kernel, handing control of the system to the kernel. There is a detailed discussion of the kernel elsewhere in this book from which this article is excerpted. This article covers the kernel initialization stage, the stage when the kernel pri...

COMMON FTP ERROR CODES

# Description 110 Restart marker reply. In this case, the text is exact and not left to the particular implementation; it must read: MARK yyyy = mmmm where yyyy is User-process data stream marker, and mmmm server's equivalent marker (note the spaces between markers and "="). 120 Service ready in nnn minutes. 125 Data connection already open; transfer starting. 150 File status okay; about to open data connection. 200 Command okay. 202 Command not implemented, superfluous at this site. 211 System status, or system help reply. 212 Directory status. 213 File status. 214 Help message.On how to use the server or the meaning of a particular non-standard command. This reply is useful only to the human user. 215 NAME system type. Where NAME is an official system name from the list in the Assigned Numbers document. 220 Service ready for new user. 221 Service closing control connection. 225 Data connection open; no transfer in progress. 226 Closing data connection. Requested file ac...

Choosing A Good Domain Name

Choosing a domain name for your site is one of the most important steps towards creating the perfect internet presence. If you run an on-line business, picking a name that will be marketable and achieve success in search engine placement is paramount. Many factors must be considered when choosing a good domain name. This article summarizes all the different things to consider before making that final registration step! Short and Sweet Domain names can be really long or really short (1 - 67 characters). In general, it is far better to choose a domain name that is short in length. The shorter your domain name, the easier it will be for people remember. Remembering a domain name is very important from a marketability perspective. As visitors reach your site and enjoy using it, they will likely tell people about it. And those people may tell others, etc. As with any business, word of mouth is the most powerful marketing tool to drive traffic to your site (and it's free too!). If your s...

Check For Dos, Check to see if you are infected

When you first turn on you computer (BEFORE DIALING INTO YOUR ISP), open a MS-DOS Prompt window (start/programs MS-DOS Prompt). Then type netstat -arn and press the Enter key. Your screen should display the following (without the dotted lines which I added for clarification). ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- Active Routes: Network Address Netmask Gateway Address Interface Metric 127.0.0.0 255.0.0.0 127.0.0.1 127.0.0.1 1 255.255.255.255 255.255.255.255 255.255.255.255 0.0.0.0 1 Route Table Active Connections Proto Local Address Foreign Address State -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- If you see anything else, there might be a problem (more on that later). Now dial into your ISP, once you are connected; go back to the MS-DOS Prompt and run the same command as before netstat -arn, this time it will look simila...

BandWidth Explained

This is well written explanation about bandwidth, very useful info. Most hosting companies offer a variety of bandwidth options in their plans. So exactly what is bandwidth as it relates to web hosting? Put simply, bandwidth is the amount of traffic that is allowed to occur between your web site and the rest of the internet. The amount of bandwidth a hosting company can provide is determined by their network connections, both internal to their data center and external to the public internet. Network Connectivity The internet, in the most simplest of terms, is a group of millions of computers connected by networks. These connections within the internet can be large or small depending upon the cabling and equipment that is used at a particular internet location. It is the size of each network connection that determines how much bandwidth is available. For example, if you use a DSL connection to connect to the internet, you have 1.54 Mega bits (Mb) of bandwidth. Bandwidth therefore is mea...

Make XP go Faster

Services You Can Disable There are quite a few services you can disable from starting automatically. This would be to speed up your boot time and free resources. They are only suggestions so I suggestion you read the description of each one when you run Services and that you turn them off one at a time. Some possibilities are: Alerter Application Management Clipbook Fast UserSwitching Human Interface Devices Indexing Service Messenger Net Logon NetMeeting QOS RSVP Remote Desktop Help Session Manager Remote Registry Routing & Remote Access SSDP Discovery Service Universal Plug and Play Device Host Web Client -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Cleaning the Prefetch Directory WindowsXP has a new feature called Prefetch. This keeps a shortcut to recently used programs. However it can fill up with old and obsolete programs. To clean this periodically go to: Star / Run / Prefetch Press Ctrl-A to highlight all the shorcuts Delete them --------...

Meningkatkan Traffic Rank Alexa

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Banyak yang dilakukan para blogger untuk meningkatkan Rank blog mereka. Di antaranya dengan cara menginstall alexa toolbar untuk meningkatkan traffic rank blog mereka. Dan juga, para blogger juga menukar link atau link exchange untuk meningkatkan blog mereka serta meraka juga meninggalkan kommentar agar blog mereka di kunjugi balik dari para blogger lain. Ada cara lain untuk meningkat blog menggunakan software. Software apa yang digunakan untuk meningkatkan alexa rank? Pake software ini ( Alexa Booster) walaupun software ini trial tapi coba saja SN Alexa Booster V3.2 Name: Team EXPLOSiON SN:530152934607 atau gunakan ini( Rangking Booster) SN Rangking Booster name: TEAM ViRiLiTY SN: 57353236529954. Atau anda juga bisa masuk ke website ini ( doorwaypage.com ) untuk meningkatkan rank alexa kita. Gambar WEB doorwaypage.com Caranya : 1. Masukan url blog anda misal http://shidiqpu.blogspot.com . 2. Centang Wait for notify from server. 3. Pilih salah satu Unique Proxy Servers List. 4. Kli...

Hack Melalui Mesin Pencari Google

Dibawah ini merupakan beberapa contoh penggunaan sintaks “ indeks of” untuk mendapatkan informasi yang penting dan sensitive sifatnya. Contoh : Index of /admin Index of /passwd Index of /password Index of /mail “Index of /” +passwd “Index of /” +password.txt “Index of /” +.htaccess “Index of /secret” “Index of /confidential” “Index of /root” “Index of /cgi-bin” “Index of /credit-card” “Index of /logs” “Index of /config” “Index of/admin.asp “Index of/login.asp Mencari sistem atau server yang vulnerable menggunakan sintaks “inurl:” atau “allinurl:” 1. Menggunakan sintaks “allinurl:winnt/system32/” (dengan tanda petik ) akan menampilkan daftar semua link pada server yang memberikan akses pada direktori yang terlarang seperti “system32”. Terkadang akan didapat akses pada cmd.exe pada direktori “system32” yang memungkinkan seseorang untuk mengambil alih kendali sistem pada server tersebut. 2. Menggunakan “allinurl:wwwboard/passwd.txt” ( dengan tanda petik ) akan menampilkan daftar semua lin...

Sejarah Linux

          Sejarah Linux dimulai dari UNIX, sebuah system operasi yang lahir tahun 1969 di AT&T Bell Laboratories. Unix adalah system operasi yang multi user yang efisien, selain itu juga UNIX mampu mengerjakan lebih dari satu tugas pada waktu yang bersamaan yaitu multi tasking. Versi pertama UNIX dipublikasikan dengan Free ke beberapa universitas untuk kepentingan riset. Oleh karena itulah kemudian muncul system operasi-sistem operasi lain yang mirip dengan UNIX(UNIX LIKE). Diantara system operasi-sistem operasi tersebut yang pertama kali ada, yang dikeluarkan oleh Universitas of California - Barkeley, adalah Barkeley Software Distribution(BSD). Setelah itu bermunculan pula OS seperti System V, Sun OS dan Xenix.           Salah satu system operasi Unix-like yang kemudian muncul Linux, yang awalnya didesain spesifik untuk plastform berbasis Intel. Linux berawal dari proyek pribadi seorang ...

Kartu Debit Payoneer MasterCard Gratis

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Akhirnya saya sudah mendapatkan kartu payoneer gratis dari Friendfinder . Kartu tersebut dikirim ke alamat saya dengan tepat waktu karena dikirim sesuai dengan waktunya yaitu selama 20 hari. Saya mendapatkannya itu secara gratis dan juga tidak dipungut biaya pengiriman. Bagi yang berniat untuk memilikinya saya akan memberi caranya dibawah ini. Dibawah ini merupakan gambar kartu yang saya dapatkan. Cara untuk mendapatkannya tinggal daftar menjadi affiliate di Akhirnya saya sudah mendapatkan kartu payoneer gratis dari Friendfinder . Selain anda mendapat kartu, anda juga dapat menghasilkan uang dalam bentuk dollar jika mengikuti program ini dengan mengajak orang untuk ikut dalam website ini, perhitungan mendapat uangnya adalah $1 jika mengajak laki-laki atau $2 jika mengajak perempuan untuk ikut website ini . Untuk mendapatkan kartu payoneernya pilihlah langkah ke dua. Caranya adalah : Langkah Pertama Daftar dulu: (100% Gratis) Klik Banner Dibawah ini atau klik link friendfinder ini Lal...

Dollar Gratis Dari Ciao

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           Ini merupakan bisnis online yang menguntungkan, tidak seperti PTC yang diharuskan untuk mengklik iklan. Bisnis online ini hanya melihat review orang dan tidak dibatasi untuk melihat review orang tersebut, tetapi PTC dibatasi hanya 10 klik iklan dalam satu hari tetapi ciao tidak!!!!!!!!!!!!!. Karena ciao tidak membatasi melihat suatu review. Untuk menjadi member aktif maka anda harus membuat satu review, nanti saya akan memberi tahu caranya. Di Ciao Anda bisa memperoleh dollar dengan cara : Buat minimal 1 (satu) review produk agar Anda menjadi member aktif Read atau baca review member lain dapat 0,01 - 0.03 dollar Beri rating review member lain dapat 0.01-0.03 dollar Member lain memberi rating review Anda dapat 0.01-0.03 dollar Invite friends atau ngajak teman dapat 1 dollar per-referral Sering membuat review agar rating Anda semaikn banyak Semakin banyak aktifitas read review, beri rating dan menda...